{"id":7824,"date":"2025-04-20T10:00:58","date_gmt":"2025-04-20T14:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dahlman.online\/?p=7824"},"modified":"2025-04-20T10:01:01","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T14:01:01","slug":"powers-denied","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dahlman.online\/index.php\/2025\/04\/20\/powers-denied\/","title":{"rendered":"Powers Denied"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Attaining Balance<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s Easter Sunday, 2025.\u00a0\u00a0 Surprisingly, for Ohio, it\u2019s a beautiful spring day, a \u201cHallmark\u201d Easter.\u00a0\u00a0The grass is growing (too fast), and the air is quickly warming: Happy Easter, and Passover!! But the spiral ham won\u2019t go into the smoker until 1pm. There\u2019s plenty of time for a \u201clesson\u201d on the United States Constitution.\u00a0\u00a0In particular, those powers prohibited to the United States government by the Constitution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The authors of the Constitution were trying to strike a balance.\u00a0\u00a0They rebelled against the heavy-handed administration of the British Crown a decade before. And they demanded a fair say in their own governance, and admonished the King for failing to give the colonists the \u201crights of Englishmen\u201d.\u00a0 \u00a0But the original national government, the Continental Congress organized under the Articles of Confederation, went too far.\u00a0\u00a0It weakened national powers.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The phrase, \u201cA sovereign nation of sovereign states\u201d missed the mark on this first government. \u00a0\u00a0The several states (the old colonies) had considerably more individual power than the national government.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It was a nation of thirteen rivals, rather than one.\u00a0\u00a0So the Constitution tried to re-balance those powers, giving the national government specific areas of influence.\u00a0\u00a0Other powers were given to the states, the people themselves, or prohibited all-together.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Powers of Congress<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

We see the President of the United States claiming unprecedented powers today. Those original Constitutional authors placed most of those powers in the legislature, the Congress; not the executive.\u00a0 \u00a0The power to set tariffs, to regulate commerce, to set rules of naturalization, to declare war; all are Congress\u2019s power, not the President\u2019s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those powers are outlined in Article I (the Congress), Section 8.\u00a0 \u00a0There are eighteen sub-sections defining the powers of Congress, including the famous last section, the \u201celastic clause\u201d. It gives Congress the power to make all laws \u201cnecessary and proper\u201d to carry out the other powers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Limits<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

But the less discussed Article I, Section 9\u00a0\u00a0is what we will examine today. That specifically sets the legal limitations on the powers of Congress, and therefore, the national government.\u00a0 Section 9 is best known for one of the \u201censlavement compromises”.\u00a0\u00a0The first sub-section prohibits the national government from interfering with slave importation\u00a0\u00a0to the United States for twenty years (it does allow an \u201cimport duty\u201d of up to $10).\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And it also contains the \u201cemoluments clause\u201d, preventing any \u201cofficer of the United States\u201d from receiving a gift, payment or other benefit from any \u201cKing, Prince, or foreign state\u201d without the consent of Congress.\u00a0\u00a0 That raises serious questions about Donald Trump profiting from literal Princes of Saudi Arabia, or banks controlled by Russian oligarchs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Also, Section 9 clearly states the following legal prohibition on Congress:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

No bill of attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is a separate essay on \u201chabeas corpus\u201d (Holding the Body<\/a>) from last week. \u00a0\u00a0So today, let\u2019s look at the more obscure prohibition on passing laws of \u201cbill of attainder\u201d or \u201cex post facto\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus \u201cbeginneth\u201d our Easter lesson.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ex Post Facto<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEx post facto\u201d is Latin for after the fact.\u00a0\u00a0 Congress cannot “post-date” an action as against the law, that, prior to Congress\u2019s action, was legal.\u00a0\u00a0A great example of this is from the drug trade, where a law against a drug is actually against a particular chemical compound.\u00a0\u00a0So Congress\u00a0\u00a0can make a law against a particular hallucinogen formulation, but if chemists can slightly alter the formula; it\u2019s legal until Congress makes another law against the \u201cnew\u201d formulation.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Or, for another example:\u00a0\u00a0if it was legal for a permanent resident non-US citizen, to speak out against an action of the President\u2019s administration, then neither Congress, nor certainly not the President without any authority at all; can make that against the law. \u00a0\u00a0They could pass a new law with that restriction, but that law cannot be retroactive.\u00a0\u00a0If what Mahmoud Khalil did was legal when he did it, then it cannot later be made illegal, \u201cafter the fact\u201d (ex post facto).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill of Attainder<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Finally, a \u201cbill of attainder\u201d is a law that makes it illegal to have membership in a group.\u00a0 \u00a0For example, being a \u201ccard carrying member\u201d (do they have memberships cards?) of the Ku Klux Klan is NOT against the law.\u00a0\u00a0What is against the law?\u00a0\u00a0Taking actions:\u00a0\u00a0burning crosses on people\u2019s lawns, kidnapping, lynching, or conspiring to do so; all are illegal.\u00a0\u00a0But just being a member is not, and by the Constitution, cannot be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So what about being a member of the \u201cTren de Aragua\u201d, the infamous Venezuelan gang?\u00a0 \u00a0They certainly don\u2019t carry cards, instead, their membership is emblazoned by tattoos on their bodies.\u00a0\u00a0How is it that \u201cmigrants\u201d are rounded up based on vague accusations of membership, without any claim of actual criminal actions?\u00a0\u00a0Isn\u2019t that the very definition of a \u201cbill of attainder\u201d, specifically prohibited under Article I, Section 9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

About a decade after the Constitution was ratified, Congress passed a law called the \u201cAlien Act\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0 That law allowed the President to detain and even deport an \u201calien\u201d (non-US Citizen) who posed a danger to the national interest in time of war.\u00a0\u00a0In America\u2019s declared wars: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars, aliens of enemy nations were rounded up and imprisoned.\u00a0\u00a0In fact, during World War II the President claimed even greater powers, and imprisoned American citizens of Japanese descent.\u00a0\u00a0They called it \u201cre-location\u201d, but they were behind barbed wire fences by soldiers with guns.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unconstitutional<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

But all of those actions under the Alien Act were in time of war, a power that ONLY Congress has under Article I, Section 8. \u00a0\u00a0And while Donald Trump can \u201cdeclare war\u201d on \u201cTren de Aragua\u201d or \u201cMS-13\u201d, calling them \u201cterrorist organizations\u201d; his statements do not make it so.\u00a0\u00a0In fact, Trump is issuing a bill of attainder, something that neither the President, or the Congress for that matter, can do.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We are beyond the Constitution. It is up to the Congress, and the Supreme Court, to exercise their own powers to \u201ccheck and balance\u201d executive branch over-reach, and unconstitutionality.\u00a0 \u00a0I wish I had more faith that they will be so.\u00a0\u00a0But we live in a nation where the US Supreme Court has never even explicitly overruled\u00a0Korematsu v United States,\u00a0<\/em>the 1944 case that allowed the re-location of US citizens to continue (though several Justices in dissent called it \u201cgravely wrong\u201d).\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have \u201carrived\u201d at the\u00a0\u00a0Constitutional crisis, the one we\u2019ve been fearing since the first election of Donald Trump.\u00a0 \u00a0Our individual rights, and our Constitutional balance, are at stake.\u00a0\u00a0That may\u00a0\u00a0sound \u201capocalyptic”.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0That\u2019s because it is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Attaining Balance It\u2019s Easter Sunday, 2025.\u00a0\u00a0 Surprisingly, for Ohio, it\u2019s a beautiful spring day, a \u201cHallmark\u201d Easter.\u00a0\u00a0The grass is growing (too fast), and the air is quickly warming: Happy Easter, and Passover!! But the spiral ham won\u2019t go into the smoker until 1pm. There\u2019s plenty of time for a \u201clesson\u201d on the United States Constitution.\u00a0\u00a0In … Continue reading “Powers Denied”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7824","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nPowers Denied : Our America - Essays on Politics and American Life<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dahlman.online\/index.php\/2025\/04\/20\/powers-denied\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Powers Denied : Our America - Essays on Politics and American Life\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Attaining Balance It\u2019s Easter Sunday, 2025.\u00a0\u00a0 Surprisingly, for Ohio, it\u2019s a beautiful spring day, a \u201cHallmark\u201d Easter.\u00a0\u00a0The grass is growing (too fast), and the air is quickly warming: Happy Easter, and Passover!! 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