{"id":5134,"date":"2021-12-13T09:26:15","date_gmt":"2021-12-13T14:26:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dahlman.online\/?p=5134"},"modified":"2021-12-13T09:26:20","modified_gmt":"2021-12-13T14:26:20","slug":"of-guns-and-militias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dahlman.online\/index.php\/2021\/12\/13\/of-guns-and-militias\/","title":{"rendered":"Of Guns and Militias"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">History Geek<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>I will come as no surprise that&nbsp;&nbsp;I am a history \u201cgeek\u201d.&nbsp;&nbsp;I participate in some \u201cboards\u201d online discussing all sorts of American History, from the Revolution to Afghanistan.&nbsp;&nbsp;Like most discussions in our polarized world today, our current political divisions seep into almost every topic.&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you like George Patton as a military commander?&nbsp;&nbsp;Was he a \u201cgood\u201d general who said all of the wrong things, a \u201cleader\u201d who slapped an enlisted man, a manipulator who was willing to risk his forces for his own ego?&nbsp;&nbsp;Does he sound like a recent American President?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So it wasn\u2019t a surprise that when the topic was about the mechanics of a particular kind of gun, the \u201ctrue-believers\u201d in the Second Amendment descended in mass to make their point.\u00a0\u00a0That Amendment to the Constitution of the United States is brief:\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<em>A Well Regulated Militia, be necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the People to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Infringing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Their first point was that the Amendment was absolute: \u201c\u2026<em>the right\u2026to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0 Any regulation of arms, from handguns to automatic weapons is an \u201cinfringement\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0They believe there is an absolute right to have any type of weapon.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Justice Robert Jackson made a common sense argument in 1949 about any Constitutional right:\u00a0\u00a0the Founding Fathers did not write a \u201csuicide pact\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0They were well aware that every right had its limitations.\u00a0\u00a0As Justice Holmes said about the First Amendment:\u00a0<em>&#8220;The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic.&#8221;\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0(By the way, the outcome of that case,\u00a0<em>US v Schenck<\/em>, was that the defendant went to jail for criticizing the military draft during World War I and causing \u201ca clear and present danger\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<em>Brandenburg v Ohio<\/em> redefined that finding).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Both Holmes and Jackson were making the point that no \u201cright\u201d is absolute.\u00a0\u00a0The interests of the state in maintaining order and safety must also be weighed in any discussion about \u201crights\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0And the Supreme Cour takes that view about arms.  It  allows certain weapons to be banned (you can\u2019t have your own rocket propelled grenade launcher). And it regulates others like fully automatic weapons that are heavily licensed and taxed.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">US Code<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Usually arguments about the Second Amendment end there \u2013 haggling around the extent the government can restrict and control gun ownership.\u00a0\u00a0But in this \u201cboard\u201d discussion the argument continued over the first clause of the Amendment, that \u201cgood old\u201d well-regulated militia.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They pointed to the definition of \u201cmilitia\u201d as established in US law (10 USC \u00a7311):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>a)\u00a0<\/strong>\u2002The militia of the United States consists of all able-bodied males at least 17 years of age and, except as provided in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=L&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=1000546&amp;refType=LQ&amp;originatingDoc=Ib4e7fb90ea5511e5967096ec019c2829&amp;cite=32USCAS313\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">section 313 of title 32<\/a>\u00a0, under 45 years of age who are, or who have made a declaration of intention to become, citizens of the United States and of female citizens of the United States who are members of the National Guard.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(b)\u00a0<\/strong><em>\u2002The classes of the militia are&#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1)\u00a0<\/strong>\u2002<em>the organized militia, which consists of the National Guard and the Naval Militia; \u2009and<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(2)\u00a0<\/strong><em>the unorganized militia, which consists of the members of the militia who <\/em>are <em>not members of the National Guard or the Naval Militia.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Their simple argument is that every male citizen (or intended citizen) from seventeen to forty-five is \u201cin\u201d a militia. So they are all entitled to full, unfettered Second Amendment rights.\u00a0\u00a0That was the absolutists \u201cmic drop\u201d moment.\u00a0\u00a0While they did leave out about half the population (women) they argued that the US Code closes the deal on the idea that somehow the \u201cmilitia\u201d clause modifies the \u201cright to bear\u201d clause.\u00a0\u00a0Every man is \u201cin\u201d the militia so every man gets \u201ctheir right to bear arms\u201d.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Suicide Pact<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>James Madison, the author of the Bill of Rights, wasn\u2019t a lawyer.\u00a0\u00a0But he did have a Princeton University education, and considered himself a \u201cstudent\u201d of the law.\u00a0\u00a0And Madison was well aware of the dangers of an \u201cunregulated militia\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0Shay\u2019s Rebellion was  a \u201ccitizen\u2019s militia\u201d attack on the government of Massachusetts.  It helped bring about the Constitution in the first place.\u00a0\u00a0And the Whiskey Rebellion against Federal taxes, was going on as he introduced the Bill of Rights to the Congress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Madison did not waste words in his Constitutional writings.\u00a0\u00a0The term \u201cwell regulated\u201d was intentional, to require state control of a what today we would recognize as the National Guard.\u00a0\u00a0And Madison would easily parse the difference between organized state militias, and an unorganized mass of citizens waiting for a draft like the one that Mr. Schenck opposed.\u00a0\u00a0\u201cUnorganized\u201d is NOT well regulated. (Now do I get to drop the mic?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Winner is &#8211; Today<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nope \u2013 the mic belongs to the \u201cabsolutists\u201d \u2013 at least for today.\u00a0\u00a0In the most recent Supreme Court decision on the Second Amendment in 2008 (<em>District of Columbia v Heller<\/em>), the Court narrowly agreed with the infringement argument.\u00a0\u00a0They detached the militia clause in a five to four decision, saying that it didn\u2019t influence the absolute right to bear arms.\u00a0\u00a0And that marked the turn of the Supreme Court towards a more conservative view, one that is playing out today in the current legal debate about the\u00a0<em>Roe v Wade<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0and\u00a0<em>Casey<\/em>\u00a0abortion decisions.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The debate about militias and the Second Amendment is  now \u201csettled law\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0Just like a women\u2019s right to access abortions.\u00a0But as we know,\u00a0when it comes to rights \u2013 nothing is settled anymore.\u00a0\u00a0Just hold you\u2019re mic, and you\u2019re breath.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The \u201cinfringers\u201d win, at least for today.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>History Geek I will come as no surprise that&nbsp;&nbsp;I am a history \u201cgeek\u201d.&nbsp;&nbsp;I participate in some \u201cboards\u201d online discussing all sorts of American History, from the Revolution to Afghanistan.&nbsp;&nbsp;Like most discussions in our polarized world today, our current political divisions seep into almost every topic.&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you like George Patton as a military commander?&nbsp;&nbsp;Was he a &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/dahlman.online\/index.php\/2021\/12\/13\/of-guns-and-militias\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Of Guns and Militias&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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