{"id":4845,"date":"2021-10-07T09:56:34","date_gmt":"2021-10-07T13:56:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dahlman.online\/?p=4845"},"modified":"2021-10-07T09:56:38","modified_gmt":"2021-10-07T13:56:38","slug":"the-peoples-will","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dahlman.online\/index.php\/2021\/10\/07\/the-peoples-will\/","title":{"rendered":"The People\u2019s Will"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Founding Fathers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The United States Constitution is hailed at the greatest \u201cdemocratic\u201d document in world history.\u00a0\u00a0It even begins with the fateful words, \u201c<em>We The People<\/em>\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0But that\u2019s not really true.\u00a0\u00a0The Constitution, especially the original seven Articles, were not particularly \u201cdemocratic\u201d at all.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many of the Founding Fathers were dubious about \u201cdemocracy\u201d.&nbsp;&nbsp;They expressed as much worry about \u201cmob rule\u201d as they did for the autocratic rule they experienced under England\u2019s King George III.&nbsp;&nbsp;And while history teachers talk a lot about Jeffersonian \u201cyeoman farmers\u201d, in the end the Founding Fathers were members of the establishment of the colonies, and their own economic interests were just as important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Competing Interests<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The question was how to balance all of the competing interests: the need for a national government, the demands for individual state autonomy, protecting the wealth of the \u201cestablishment\u201d (including those who enslaved people), and advancing the democratic principles they believed in as Enlightenment scholars.&nbsp;&nbsp;So they developed a system that included all of those ideas.&nbsp;&nbsp;The national government gained significant powers, particularly when it came to raising and spending money.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And the Constitutional Convention recognized that the nation they were creating was vast.\u00a0\u00a0Roads were often rough, and it took months for information to journey from the capital in New York to the hinterlands.\u00a0\u00a0So it made perfect sense to diffuse powers for certain actions to the states.\u00a0\u00a0The states were closer to the people, with the state capitals days versus weeks or months away.\u00a0\u00a0So functions like education and elections were placed in the state government\u2019s hands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Democracy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Constitution assumes two areas of \u201cdemocracy\u201d:&nbsp;&nbsp;the state legislatures, and the federal House of Representatives.&nbsp;&nbsp;Those were the only two original bodies where representatives were directly chosen by the people.&nbsp;&nbsp;Until the 17th Amendment in 1913 Senators were chosen by the state legislatures rather than by direct election, though many states held elections and honored the choice.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And the President of the United States famously is not directly chosen \u201cby the people\u201d. Instead, the people vote for a \u201cslate of electors\u201d pledged to vote for their candidate in the electoral college.&nbsp;&nbsp;So when an Ohio voter selected Biden for President, they were actually voting for eighteen electors pledged to Biden.&nbsp;&nbsp;Since Trump won the majority of Ohio\u2019s vote, the eighteen electors pledged to him were actually certified to the Congress as Ohio\u2019s choice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Legal Precedent<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>But there\u2019s a deeper secret here.&nbsp;&nbsp;In Article II of the Constitution, the \u201cpeople\u201d voting for President actually isn\u2019t mentioned at all.&nbsp;&nbsp;The wording is:&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201c<em>Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors<\/em>\u2026\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;So the way that electors are chosen is a matter for the state legislature, not a Constitutional guarantee.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That means it seems Constitutionally possible for a state legislature to ignore the popular vote, and select the electors \u201cthey\u201d want.\u00a0\u00a0But that\u2019s a \u201cradical\u201d interpretation of the Constitution.\u00a0\u00a0There&#8217;s two hundred and thirty-five years of legal precedence recognizing the role of the popular vote in selecting electors for President.\u00a0\u00a0If a state decided to ignore the popular outcome and choose the \u201closing\u201d electors as their representatives, it\u2019s likely that Congress would refuse to recognize them, and Courts might intervene. As Harvard Law Professor Laurence Lessig puts it:\u00a0<em>\u201c\u2026the constitutional duty that the legislatures have is, like the electors, to respect the vote of their people<\/em>\u00a0(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/opinion\/2020\/11\/18\/voters-pick-president-state-legislatures-no-veto-power-column\/6311981002\/\">USA Today<\/a>).\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Muddy the Count<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>But there\u2019s a more insidious movement afoot in today\u2019s America.&nbsp;&nbsp;State legislatures aren\u2019t likely to ignore the clear outcome of an election, but they are \u201cmuddying\u201d the results to confuse the final conclusion. Many states are passing laws allowing the legislatures to meddle in the count, determine which votes to accept and reject, and, if necessary, change the vote counters to gain a \u201cbetter\u201d outcome.&nbsp;&nbsp;So while those states may still be endorsing \u201cthe will of the people\u201d when they certify Presidential elections, they are also attempting to control whar \u201cwill\u201d they receive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>How can a state legislature, elected by the people, then take away the people\u2019s power to make electoral decisions?\u00a0\u00a0That answer is relatively simple.\u00a0\u00a0State legislatures have the power to determine their own legislative districts.\u00a0\u00a0By gerrymandering districts, one political view can gain power disproportionate to their actual numbers.\u00a0\u00a0For example, here in Ohio the lower house is Republican 64 to 35, a super-majority of 66%.\u00a0\u00a0But in polling, 42% of Ohioans claim to be or lean towards Republican, 40% Democrat, and 18% Independent (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewforum.org\/religious-landscape-study\/state\/ohio\/party-affiliation\/\">Pew<\/a>).\u00a0\u00a0In the 2020 Presidential election, Trump won by 53% while Biden got 45%.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who Counts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ohio is not two-thirds Republican, but our legislature is.&nbsp;&nbsp;That\u2019s true in several other \u201cswing\u201d states throughout the nation.&nbsp;&nbsp;And those legislatures don\u2019t feel bound to \u201cthe will of the people\u201d, as they have managed to gerrymander the opposing party\u2019s vote to a small minority.&nbsp;&nbsp;It\u2019s not really much of a step then, to \u201cmanage\u201d the outcome of a Presidential election as well.&nbsp;&nbsp;Nine states already have enacted restrictive laws, including key Presidential states.&nbsp;&nbsp;Proposals are in the works in many other states.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All of this is being done under the guise of \u201celection security\u201d and restoring \u201cthe people\u2019s trust\u201d in elections.&nbsp;&nbsp;But, despite the continuing cries of a defeated President, there was no election fraud, just sour grapes.&nbsp;&nbsp;The distrust he managed to sow has created fertile ground for subverting the electoral process, and the state legislatures are leading the way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So who will defend the \u201cwill of the people\u201d in 2024?&nbsp;&nbsp;If not the state legislatures, then what about the Congress?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That\u2019s what makes the Congressional elections of 2022 so important.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Founding Fathers The United States Constitution is hailed at the greatest \u201cdemocratic\u201d document in world history.\u00a0\u00a0It even begins with the fateful words, \u201cWe The People\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0But that\u2019s not really true.\u00a0\u00a0The Constitution, especially the original seven Articles, were not particularly \u201cdemocratic\u201d at all.\u00a0\u00a0 Many of the Founding Fathers were dubious about \u201cdemocracy\u201d.&nbsp;&nbsp;They expressed as much worry about &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/dahlman.online\/index.php\/2021\/10\/07\/the-peoples-will\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;The People\u2019s Will&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4845","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The People\u2019s Will : Our America - Essays on Politics and American Life<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Some state legislatures are working to &quot;modify&quot; the will of the people when it comes to elections. 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