{"id":3770,"date":"2020-12-29T07:23:04","date_gmt":"2020-12-29T12:23:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dahlman.online\/?p=3770"},"modified":"2020-12-29T07:23:13","modified_gmt":"2020-12-29T12:23:13","slug":"trumps-last-stand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dahlman.online\/index.php\/2020\/12\/29\/trumps-last-stand\/","title":{"rendered":"Trump’s Last Stand"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Precedent<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHe who doesn\u2019t know history is doomed to repeat it\u201d.   That\u2019s the quote we heard, particularly from our high school history teachers during some slow and arcane chapter in the study of the past.  But, like a lot of history, that\u2019s not quite how the quote goes.  Philosopher George Santayana gets \u201cthe credit\u201d for the idea.  He said, \u201cThose who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it\u201d.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In our legal processes \u201cthe past\u201d is critical to what occurs today.  In the American process, we depend on written legislation, codified or statutory law, to determine what the \u201claw\u201d is.  But the basis of American law is English Common Law, developed from Law Courts of the medieval times.  And English Common Law is based wholly on precedent, on what judges determined in similar cases in the past.  Our current legal system is a hybrid:  statutory law is important, but how judges interpreted that statutory law is just as important in determining outcomes.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Courts aren\u2019t the only parts of our Government bound by precedent.  The United States Congress is highly cognizant of their two hundred and thirty two year history.  It should be little surprise that the second Vice President of the United States, Thomas Jefferson originally developed the Rules governing the House and Senate in 1801.  Those rules are still part of what governs their actions today. So when they look to procedure in the Congress, their first look is to the past.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alexander Hamilton <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Current Congressman Louie Gohmert is attempting to overturn the Presidential election of 2020.  The Texan is calling for a \u201crevolution\u201d; he\u2019s trying to claim a Parliamentary power for the Vice President of the United States, acting as the Presiding Officer (the President) of the Senate.  And that is how we head down the \u201crabbit hole\u201d of precedent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here\u2019s where Thomas Jefferson, and Aaron Burr, come in.  The United States Constitution (Article II, \u00a7 1) established the method of using the Electoral College for choosing the President and Vice President.  The states chose Electors, and each Elector cast two votes for President.  The winner of the majority of votes became President and second place was Vice President.  That worked for George Washington who won and John Adams who got a few votes and became the first Vice President.  And it worked for Adams in 1796.  He defeated Jefferson and became the second President.  But four years later, when Jefferson ran against Adams, things hit a snag.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jefferson\u2019s Party, the Democratic-Republicans (now Democratic) ran Jefferson for President, and New Yorker Aaron Burr for Vice President.  Each elector cast their two votes for President, and Jefferson and Burr tied, with Adams taking third.  Since there was a tie, even though it was clear that Jefferson was the \u201chead\u201d of the Democratic-Republican ticket, the choice for President was thrown to the House of Representatives to decide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The House voted by state to break a tie for President (still does).  In the House of 1801, by State the Federalist Party controlled.  That meant that the Federalists had to decide which Democratic-Republican candidate they wanted for President.  While Adams was the \u201chead\u201d of the Federalist Party, the real power still resided in the Party founder, Alexander Hamilton, Burr\u2019s New York rival.  Hamilton threw his support to Jefferson, and Jefferson won.  We know how the rest of the Burr-Hamilton story goes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12th<\/sup> Amendment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Recognizing the flaw in the system, the Congress and states passed the 12th<\/sup> Amendment to the Constitution in 1804.  That altered the process so that the Electors cast one vote for President, and one vote for Vice President.  There could still be a tie for President or Vice President, but it wouldn\u2019t happen the same way as it did in 1800.  And that process worked, even when no candidate won a majority of the Electoral votes for President in 1824.  The House acted as the \u201ctiebreaker\u201d, choosing John Quincy Adams from the field of three.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So the process went along its merry way, through the four-way contested election of 1860, and even during the Civil War.  It wasn\u2019t until 1876 that the system hit another \u201csnag\u201d.  In that election, the Republican Party nominated Ohio Governor Rutherford B. Hayes to run against Democrat New York Governor Samuel Tilden.  It was the first election after the Civil War when all of the former Confederate states were allowed to vote again, and, not surprisingly, there was controversy in some of them.  In South Carolina two sets of Electors were sent to Congress for President, a set for Tilden, and a set for Hayes.  Whichever set was allowed to \u201ccount\u201d would determine who would become President.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It all turned into a political mess, tied to the removal of the Union Reconstruction troops from the South.  Ultimately, the Democrats gave up the Tilden Presidency in order to get the troops out, and Hayes was declared the winner.  But it was a near thing. The deal wasn\u2019t made until March 2nd<\/sup>, only two days before the inauguration.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

US Code Title 3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

After that close call of \u201cwho gets to be President\u201d, Congress passed a law called \u201cThe Electoral Count Act of 1887\u201d.  In 1948 that law was \u201ccodified\u201d into the United States Code, Title 3, the law that governs how Congress determines the President and Vice President today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

US Code Title 3 established an elaborate calendar for the determination of \u201clegal\u201d electors.  It places the responsibility of determining electors on the states, and sets a \u201cdate certain\u201d when the states decisions are considered final.  That date certain was December 14th<\/sup> of 2020 for this election, and every state met that standard.  Those Electors were then certified by the Governor of each state, and those certified \u201cElectoral Votes\u201d were transmitted to the \u201cArchivist of the United States\u201d, a guy named David Ferriero at the National Archives, in the proper time.  He\u2019s got the votes, and they are all \u201clegal\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

US Code Title 3 then establishes the date when the Congress will meet in joint session (House and Senate together in the House chamber) to actually count the votes.  Under the 12th<\/sup> Amendment and the Code, the Vice President of the United States presides over the joint session.  He will open and present the certificates of electoral votes to be counted, by state in alphabetical order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As each certificate is read by the Vice President, \u201c\u2026he shall call for objections, if any\u201d.  Under US Code 3 \u00a715, for an objection to be made, it must be made \u201c\u2026clearly and concisely in writing,\u201d and be signed by a least one member of the House and the Senate.  If an objection is submitted, the Senate withdraws back to their chamber, and both Houses have two hours to debate the issue.  After the debate, each House must by majority agree to the objection for it to be sustained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Louie\u2019s Folly<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

So let\u2019s get down to it.  Congressman Gohmert can object to the Electoral votes certificate of any state.  And, if he can get a Senator to go along with him, the House and Senate can debate for two hours for each objection.  But in the end, the Democratic controlled House, and likely even the Republican controlled Senate, won\u2019t agree.  So Donald Trump will not be President on January 20th<\/sup>, and Joe Biden will.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And if the Texas Congressman can get a Federal judge in Texas to order Vice President Pence to violate US Code 3 and recognize the non-certified \u201celectors\u201d from Arizona, Georgia, Wisconsin and the other \u201ccontested\u201d states, reversing the election, it doesn\u2019t mean Pence will do it.\u00a0\u00a0Even if he does, then 222 Democratic Congressmen and 48 Senators will rise up to object.\u00a0\u00a0And while the Senate will still be Republican controlled at the time, it is more than unlikely that all 51 Republican Senators will vote to overturn the election results.\u00a0\u00a0It would only take two \u201cdefections\u201d for Biden to win. (Note: on January 6th<\/sup>\u00a0the Georgia Senate runoff won\u2019t be \u201ccertified\u201d, and Kelly Loeffler will be the only Senator from Georgia).\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It would require Vice President Pence to break US Code 3 and read \u201cnon-certified\u201d results.  And it would make for more \u201cCongressional drama\u201d, as if we haven\u2019t had enough in the past four years.  We would get to find out once and for all if the power of the \u201cTrump Tweet\u201d is able to overcome 232 years of precedent.   But it would be the fitting place for \u201cTrump\u2019s Last Stand\u201d.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Precedent \u201cHe who doesn\u2019t know history is doomed to repeat it\u201d.   That\u2019s the quote we heard, particularly from our high school history teachers during some slow and arcane chapter in the study of the past.  But, like a lot of history, that\u2019s not quite how the quote goes.  Philosopher George Santayana gets \u201cthe credit\u201d for the idea.  He said, … Continue reading “Trump’s Last Stand”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nTrump's Last Stand : Our America - Essays on Politics and American Life<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"On January 6th Congress will count the Electoral Votes. 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